2.Develop A Campaign To Position Newcastle As A Leading Digital City

2.Develop A Campaign To Position Newcastle As A Leading Digital City 2.Develop A Campaign To Position Newcastle As A Leading Digital City On The National And â€" Essay Example > PUBLIC RELATIONS PLAN PROPOSALTopic: A public relations plan proposal for Newcastle City. This is a proposal for the development of a public relations plan for Newcastle City; the plan will include all the communication plans and public relation strategies for the company. Target publicThe public relation plan is developed in an attempt to improve the public image and perception of the company and to increase the customer base for the company’s products and services. The targeted population includes: The Newcastle city residents. Businesses Suppliers, distributors and other stakeholdersThe current and prospective consumers of the company’s products and services. Strategy The plan shall be developed by first assessing the situation in the company. This will include identification of the company’s vision, mission, objectives and goals. It will also entail an assessment of the operations and activities carried out in the company, how these operations are carries out and who is in charge of the various activities. This will provide a clear understanding of the communication channels and protocols which are important in the creation of the communication plan. An assessment of the stakeholders, the consumers, shareholders and the prospective customers shall be done to provide an understanding of the range of consumers and their needs, the suppliers and all other stakeholders in order to provide a clear understanding of the public in order to create an effective public relation plan. Research and situational analysis (SWOT)Newcastle City is situated in the New South Wales and has a declining population of over 154,000 people. It is a town famous for coal mining and exports. Other minerals are copper, soap and steel. Strengths: Newcastle City has real concentration of talent where most of its youthful generation and middle age are pro technology and communications. This city has numerous educational and research institutions who are developing the literate d igital workforce. Historically, the city is the largest and second oldest in New South Wales. This has provided a great history of business friendliness through provision of talented human resource. It boasts of a world class infrastructure that has been complimented by the unique lifestyle and pace of the city. Weaknesses: The Australian city is still seen as an industrial hub with many people still focused on the aftermath of industrial revolution. The digital readiness is still low as compared to the exposure most residents have attained. Despite being knowledge based economy there is still some reluctance to increase the uptake of digital media and applications. The high speed broadband network is still underway and it seem the residents are yet to learn the importance of digital economic revolution before applying in their daily activities. Opportunities: The city has adorable infrastructure comprising of a rail, air, world class broadband of which it has been prioritized by t he National Broadband Network Program of the Australian government. The connection speed is super with connections to many businesses and households. The city is actually a driving steering for Australia’s economy owing to their possession of the knowledge based economy. The government is committed at all levels to support domestic business and academic institutions which are provided with unrestricted access to incubator programs and business support services. The people have the capability to network on both social and commercial environments while enthusiastic on generating new ideas, partnership and innovation.

Racial Segregation And Jim Crow Essay - 2143 Words

Throughout years in the United States, Southern states have enforced various attempts of segregation at the state and local levels. One of the first regulations Southern states legally passed was Jim Crow Laws. Legalized in the early 1880s to the mid 1960s, Jim Crow Laws approved the segregation between blacks and whites. â€Å"Racism, which grew and changed in response to both domestic and international conditions and debates, existed across the entire country, but beyond the basic harshness and limitations that white supremacy place on African American life. Racism and Jim Crow were always backed by the threat of violence, moreover, the southern race relations† (Holloway, â€Å"Jim Crow Wisdom: Memory and Identity in Black America since 1940†). The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man takes place during the Jim Crow era displaying the challenges and obstacles African Americans faced during this time. â€Å"Johnson devotes much of his attention to the black middle and upper classes, their constant struggles to hang onto their respective social standing, and their almost obsessive need to perform rituals of proper behavior and decorum† (Holloway, â€Å"Jim Crow Wisdom: Memory and Identity in Black America since 1940†). African Americans during this era worked for white members of society. Jobs in the South consisted of working as plantation servants, nannies, factory workers or musical entertainers. Southern states in the United States agree with discriminatory views on segregation because of Show MoreRelatedJim Crow And Racial Segregation1205 Words   |  5 PagesJim Crow era was a time of struggle for all African Americans. White supremacy and discrimination was established by Jim Crow laws that lasted from the end of Reconstruction until the 1960’s. The laws caused African Americans to be at a disadvantage politically and economically. Jim Crow is defined as a minstrel show character whose name became synonymous with racial segregation (Foner). A man of the name Thomas Rice created the character Jim Crow. He was a white entertainer who would imitateRead MoreRacial Segregation : The New Jim Crow2344 Words   |  10 PagesAlmost anyone you talk to has heard the name â€Å"Jim Crow.† Yet, not everyone will be able to tell you what that name implies. Jim Crow refers to the unjust and harsh laws enforced upon men and women of color in the time after the Civil War, up until the 1960’s. Men and women of color were finally free from slavery, but the Jim Crow laws assured that they were still unfairly treated and oppressed. Michelle Alexander claims, in her work, The New Jim Crow, that the justice system we have today stillRead MoreThe Civil Era Of Jim Crow Laws, Segregation And Racial Prejudice1503 Words   |  7 PagesThe Help takes place in Jackson, Mississippi during the early 1960s, the era of Jim Crow Laws, segregation and racial prejudice. The movie features three main characters which drive the action of the movie— Aibileen, Minny, and Skeeter. Eugenia â€Å"Skeeter† Phelan is the aspiring journalist of a wealthy, white, Southern family. Skeeter is a well-educated college graduate who becomes an outcast due to her interest in journalism and opposing social views. She becomes fixated on an idea toRead MoreRacial Segregation And The Civil Rights Movement837 Words   |  4 Pagesinvolvement as an extension of our faith. We saw ourselves doing the work of the Almighty. Segregation and racial discrimination were not in keeping with our faith, so we had to do something.† Although today we may not see it as often, segregation was a very big problem throughout our country in the late 1800s and the early 1900s. Over time it didn’t get better, it got worse. Around the year of 1877 the Jim Crow Laws were unfortunately put into place. These laws separated whites and blacks in many differentRead MoreThe Everlasting Jim Crow System973 Words   |  4 Pages The everlasting Jim Crow system According to The New Jim Crow (Alexander, 2010), today s society in the United States endured totally three major periods of racial regulation system: The Slavery, The Jim Crow and The Mass Incarceration. The latter still dominates, and it perpetuates racial caste system in a way which is legalized and normalized under the sugarcoating of colorblindness. According to the author, the mass incarceration eventually becomes the new Jim Crow System, and it representsRead MoreBrown V. Board Of Education 347 Us 4831438 Words   |  6 Pagesof Education 347 US 483 (1954) Jim Crow Laws As society changes, laws change as well to keep up with changes in some cases, the law are for the better of the majority, however, there have been several laws that have been enacted to impose inequality. On May 17, 1954, the United States Supreme Court handed down its ruling in the landmark case of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas. Education of Topeka that Racial education of Topeka that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutionalRead MoreTaking a Look at the Jim Crow Laws758 Words   |  3 Pagesand even parks; would you be able to cope with Jim Crow laws? Though many whites opposed the idea of integration and supported Jim Crow laws, many citizens of color fought for the right to use the same restroom, water fountain, go to the same schools, and even to intermarry. Jim Crow laws were instituted to separate those of color and whites, because of this, many blacks were discriminated against in social areas and job and school opportunities. Jim Crow was not a person, yet affected the lives ofRead MoreJim Crow Laws On The South Of The United States1557 Words   |  7 Pages Jim Crow Laws were state and local laws which enforced de jure racial segregation in the South of the United States. They represented the legitimization of anti-black racism. And it was not only a series of anti-black laws, but also a way of blacks’ miserable life. They mandated racial segregation in all public facilities of former Confederate State of America with a â€Å"separate but equal† status for African Americans. For this research paper, I want to focus on the origins and the content of JimRead MoreJIM CORW LAWS Essay1524 Words   |  7 Pagesexperiencing any of their newly achieved rights, which is known as the era of Jim Crow, the American form of racial Apartheid that separated Americans into two groups: whites, the so-called superiors and blacks, the inferiors. The phase that began in 1877 was inaugurated by withdrawal of Union troops from the south that would leave the future of former slaves in the hands of white southerners. The rise of Jim Crow segregation in the 1890s was not a mere expression of racism but developed out of a complexRead MoreJim Crow Impact On Society1207 Words   |  5 PagesThe term, â€Å"history repeats itself† has held true throughout the years; however, the real question is whether it â€Å"repeats itself† or if it is an ongoing issue. Jim Crow laws, segregation, and civil rights are all a part of the never-ending cycle that has been passed on generation, by generation. After all, this can be seen by the examples of Thurgood Marshall, the NAACP, the Groveland Boys, modern-day struggles, and firsthand experiences. After all, the struggles of finding equality in our society

Analysis of the Black Church Black Theology and Racial...

Since the arrival of African Americans in this country blacks have always had differing experiences. Consequently, African-Americans have had to forge a self-identity out of what has been passed on to them as fact about their true selves. History has wrought oppression and subjugation to this particular race of people and as a result, certain institutions were formed in order aid African-Americans, culturally, spiritually and economically. The African-American Church has served of one such institution. From the time of slavery, though outlawed, many slaves found ways to congregate and form their own churches, away from the one-sided and bias lessons about the bible that they were being taught in the white church. The white ministers and†¦show more content†¦He then goes further and states that there can be no white churches and even the establishment of one is blasphemous due to the idea that these institutions center on the oppression of another human race. In a great percentage of history books the information given is only given from one perspective. One when is reading or listening to an historical account, one must take into consideration who the historian in order to gain more insight into why they may have a particular account about a particular event. The same is true when looking at churches. Because white experiences in this country differ so greatly from those of African-Americans, The Black Church has the burden of being a spiritual backbone of a community while also being able to relate to the specific experiences of African-Americans. Calhoun argues that if blacks are able to get away from the image of God given to them by whites and form their own, they would be more likely to relate to this image and as result would become more empowered and connected to their race. The idea of racial empowerment and black theology can be considered as counterparts. If one is given a religion that is based on experiences that are not thei r own, and cannot relate those experiences to themselves, they are more likely to be apathetic towards them. Religion has long served as a means of moral and emotional support. Calhoun argues BlacksShow MoreRelatedMarxism Within Blt5219 Words   |  21 PagesMarxism Within Black Theology of Liberation. This study seeks to expose the ways in which Black Theology of Liberation was shaped by Marxism through the writings of its founders, concentrating predominantly on the need to bring about the liberation of the poor African-Americans from their repressive white racist oppressors by any means necessary, and the redistribution of wealth to those deprived of it by their white capitalist oppressors. The theme of this researched remained embed in myRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pagesintentionally left blank Foreword One of the most useful things about Ennis Edmondss Rastafari: From Outcasts to Culture Bearers is that it correctly traces the connection between the emergence of Rastafarianism and the history of resistance and black consciousness that has been part of the Jamaican experience for years. The truth is that there has always been a committed Jamaican counter- culture that celebrates and sees redemption in Africa and rejects the European values that have oppressedRead MoreCalculus Oaper13589 Words   |  55 Pagesan exclusive, primary relationship According to Chodorow, women have learned to deny the limitations of masculine lovers for both psychological and practical reasons.(12) But the practical reasons (like witch burnings; male control of law, theology, and science; or economic nonviability within the sexual division of labor) are glossed over Chodorow s account barely glances at the constraints and sanctions that, historically, have enforced or ensured the coupling of women with men and obstructedRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesMinus the Moolah) †¢ New feature: glOBalization! †¢ New Myth or Science? (â€Å"CEO Pay Can’t Be Measured†) †¢ Updated discussion of job characteristics †¢ New coverage of flextime, telecommuting, and related work practices †¢ Revised discussion of employee empowerment and its effects †¢ Discussion of innovations in gainsharing practices †¢ PREFACE xxv †¢ †¢ †¢ New Point–Counterpoint (â€Å"If Money Doesn’t Make You Happy, You Aren’t Spending It Right†) New Case Incident (Bonuses Can Backfire) Updated Case

Digital Audio Free Essays

Digital Audio refers to the reproduction and the transmissions of a stored sound in a digital format. This includes things like CDs or mp3s and other forms of sound that can be stored on a computer. In contrast for instance say the telephone system, which is stored in a completely different format which is called the analogue system. We will write a custom essay sample on Digital Audio or any similar topic only for you Order Now In sound recording and reproduction systems, digital audio refers to a digital representation of the audio waveform for processing. Digital Audio came about due to its usefulness when recording and distribution in sound. The modern day usage of this system is through the internet to post put songs on web pages and videos on YouTube depends on digital recording and digital HYPERLINK â€Å"http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Audio_compression_(data)† \o â€Å"Audio compression (data)† compression algorithms. One of the good things about using this system is that it reduces the cost of the distribution because it is not a physical object. Also it is very easy to access because nowadays if people want something or need something they go on the internet. In an analog system sounds are usually made physically and are recorded into a mic which is transformed into a electrical representation of a waveform, which is stored or transmitted. Analog audio signals are susceptible to noise and distortion, unavoidable due to the innate characteristics of electronic circuits and associated devices. In the case of purely analog recording and reproduction, numerous opportunities for the introduction of noise and distortion exist throughout the entire process. When audio is digitized, distortion and noise are introduced only by the stages that precede conversion to digital format, and by the stages that follow conversion back to analog. Digital Audio Workstation or DAW is one of the commonly used terms in home music production environment. Yet some are still confused especially the beginners in music production with no electrical/sound engineering background as to what is really the meaning of Digital Audio Workstation? The fact is that, it’s so hard to understand what is digital audio workstation without giving the beginner; a complete information of how everything starts and end in music production. It’s why this lengthy post is perfect for those completely new in digital-based home recording or recording music using computers! I should have written this a long time ago, anyway its good that I put some importance of posting this one. Let’s get started.. First, you need to understand how the music goes into your computer. Your music is a sound wave which is an analog signal, a continuous form of signal(e. g. a sine wave). A musical instrument or a disturbance (e. g a water droplet falling into a pail of water) and can cause vibrations in the air that causes it propagate in the form of a sound wave. When these air pressure vibrations reaches your ear, you will perceived it as a sound if the pressure is strong enough to cause vibrations in your ear drum and if the frequency is audible (20Hz to 20,000Hz). The music you hear are actually composed of musical notes which are sinusoidal in nature and has two properties which are: a. ) Amplitude (how strong are the pressure vibrations, which is usually measured by SPL or sound pressure level using decibels). b. ) Frequency( how high or low is the pitch of the sound wave, measured in Hertz) How to cite Digital Audio, Papers

Vernacular Languages vs. Latin The Fall of the Babel

Abstract Throughout the centuries, Latin has been the language of the educated. Only knowing Latin, people could read and take part in the scientific, cultural and religious life of the country. As a result, Latin turned into the language of the nobility.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Vernacular Languages vs. Latin: The Fall of the Babel specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The access to the literature was thus restricted by the cultural border. Unless one learned Latin, there was no other way to read the literature that interested the given person. At some point people started arguing about this state of affairs. Mostly because of the idea that books might reveal for them something new that they had never been told before, people started taking interest in their mother tongue crawling into the field of literature and science, making the issues of those more understood for the population. Vernacular Languages vs. L atin: The Fall of the Babel Because of the fact that most Middle Age literature was presented in Latin, while education was something that not all people could afford in those times, more and more people became preoccupied with the idea that there must be some way to present the literature in the language that they speak and understand. The problem grew bigger as rime passed, and the people grew weary of the Latin sermons that they could not understand and the books in Latin that watched them with mocking secrecy. Indeed, as Disraeli (1841) put it, â€Å"The performance of the Latin language, during many centuries, retarded the cultivation of the vernacular dialects of Europe.† (106). The situation became complicated as people started expressing their protests against the foreign language as the main one in the state. Finally, the time of the great change came. It began not with a revolt, but with a subtle change that was almost impossible to detect. The phenomenon was called later the Vulgar Latin. Watered with the Celtic words stylized as the Latin ones, with the specific endings and conjugations, these words became the basis of the future vernacular languages to develop. The process was rather long and complicated, but the results were most fruitful and convincing. people have started winning the small areas of the language and they could finally hear something recognizable.Advertising Looking for essay on linguistics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The day of triumph came when even the names of the geographic objects were transformed into the national languages of the people (Wellesley 2000, 14). This was something that no one could believe in several decades before. The idea that the books will be available to every single literate person was close to the revolution, and the first to protest such course of affairs was the clergy. However, there was a long way to go before this triumph would come. The first steps were made as the tenth century came. The overall atmosphere of being captured by writing and speaking in the native language had to find its place in the literature as well, both the scientific and the spiritual. As Le Goff (2006) marks it, Medieval Europe spoke and wrote Latin, and when Latin retreated in the face of the vernacular languages in the tenth century, the so-called Romance tongues (French, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese) perpetuated that linguistic heritage. (10) As it can be seen from the abovementioned, it was not that the new languages simply took the place of the Latin language and started reigning in the sphere of literature and science. On the contrary, the new languages took the best of their mother tongue and represented a kind of pidgin – the language that was a mixture of the Celtic and the Latin taken together. The structure was foreign, but the word stock was taken from the Latin language, its idea preserved together with the w ords that came into the newly created languages. It would be reasonable to emphasize the impact of the vernacular poetry that has done its job on pushing the Latin language off its throne and taking the place of the leading language. As the new languages grew and became fuller and fuller with the lexis, the new poets started trying their luck in making verses and creating the literature of the new epoch. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Vernacular Languages vs. Latin: The Fall of the Babel specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More That was the thing that made the Latin language completely out of fashion even among the crà ¨me of society. That is what Mantello (1996) says on the topic: Old English writing also developed early. Vernacular poetry written by Aldhelm (d. 704/10) is attested but lost. Nonetheless an extensive Latin-Old-English glossary dating from the seventh century can be reconstructed from the evidence of the glossaries found I the libraries of Epinal and Erfurt. Old High German followed next. (123) The importance of these languages developing was immense. Indeed, they helped the nations to be recognized further on as the peoples of their own culture and traditions, with a solid literature and art basis in addition. In fact, the church was arguing a lot in opposition to the new languages appearing, claiming that Bible as the Holy Word cannot be translated into any other languages – which was further on proved wrong y Martin Luther – and did its best to hold Latin as the main language of the state and religion as long as it could. The reasons were quite easy to understand, with all the power that the church beheld over the people with help of the language under their control and the sphere of arts staying still in its development, while the church dogmas and rules were piling up. To sum up, the influence that the new languages development had on the people, the states a nd the cultures of the world was indescribable. It was only after Latin was left for good when the states started developing their fundament for the cultural heritage to pass to the descendants.Advertising Looking for essay on linguistics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In spite of the fact that the importance of the Latin culture is beyond any reasonable doubt and that even now the dead language has found some use in the spheres of medicine, pharmacy and jurisprudence, it is still clear that the new languages formed after the fall of the Latin â€Å"reign† are the very essence of the modern civilization in general and its every state in particular. Without the vernacular languages, the world would have stayed in the stage of the Medieval times. Meanwhile, people must not forget that they owe their culture to the language of the Ancient Rome. References Disraeli I. (1841) Amenities of Literature: Consisting of Sketches and Characters of English Literature. New York, NY: J. H. G. Langley. Le Goff J., Lloyd, J. (2006) The Birth of Europe: 400-1500. New york, NY: Wiley-Blackwell. Mantello F. A. C., Rigg A. G. (1996) Medieval Latin: an Introduction and Bibliographical Guide. Cambridge: CUA Press. Wellesley K. (2000) The Year of the Four Empero rs. Oxford: Routledge. This essay on Vernacular Languages vs. Latin: The Fall of the Babel was written and submitted by user Bi-Beast to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

All About the United States Space of the 1960s

All About the United States Space of the 1960s In 1961, President John F. Kennedy proclaimed to a Joint Session of Congress that â€Å"this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before the decade is out, of landing a man on the moon and returning him safely to the Earth.† Thus began the Space Race that would lead us to achieve his goal and be the first to have a person walk on the moon. Historical Background At the conclusion World War II, the United States and the Soviet Union were decidedly the world’s major superpowers.  In addition to being engaged in a Cold War, they competed against each other in other ways.  The Space Race was a competition between the U.S. and the Soviets for the exploration of space using satellites and manned spacecraft.  It was also a race to see which superpower could reach the moon first. On May 25, 1961, in requesting between $7 billion and $9 billion for the space program, President Kennedy told Congress that he felt a national goal should be that of sending someone to the moon and getting him back home safely. When President Kennedy requested this additional funding for the space program, the Soviet Union was well ahead of the United States. Many viewed their achievements as a coup not only for the USSR but also for communism. Kennedy knew that he had to restore confidence in the American public and stated that Everything we do and ought to do should be tied in to getting on to the Moon ahead of the Russians... we hope to beat the USSR to demonstrate that instead of being behind by a couple of years, by God, we passed them.† NASA and Project Mercury The United States space program began on October 7, 1958, just six days after the formation of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), when its administrator, T. Keith Glennan, announced that they were starting a manned spacecraft program. Its first stepping stone to manned flight, Project Mercury, began that same year and was completed in 1963.  It was the United States first program designed to put men in space and made six manned flights between 1961 and 1963.  The main objectives of Project Mercury were to have an individual orbit around the Earth in a spacecraft, explore a person’s function ability in space, and determine safe recovery techniques of both an astronaut and a spacecraft. On February 28, 1959, NASA launched the United States’ first spy satellite, the Discover 1; and then on August 7, 1959, the Explorer 6 was launched and provided the very first photographs of the Earth from space.  On May 5, 1961, Alan Shepard became the first American in space when he made a 15-minute suborbital flight aboard Freedom 7. On February 20, 1962, John Glenn made the first U.S. orbital flight aboard the Mercury 6. Program Gemini The major objective of Program Gemini was to develop some very specific spacecraft and in-flight capabilities in support of the upcoming Apollo Program.  The Gemini program consisted of 12 two-man spacecraft that were designed to orbit the Earth. They were launched between 1964 and 1966, with 10 of the flights being manned.  Gemini was designed to experiment with and test the astronaut’s ability to manually maneuver the spacecraft.  Gemini proved very useful by developing the techniques for orbital docking that would later be crucial for the Apollo series and their lunar landing. In an unmanned flight, NASA launched its first two-seat spacecraft, the Gemini 1, on April 8, 1964. On March 23, 1965, the first two-person crew launched in the Gemini 3 with astronaut Gus Grissom becoming the first man to make two flights in space.  Ed White became the first American astronaut to walk in space on June 3, 1965, aboard the Gemini 4. White maneuvered outside his spacecraft for approximately 20 minutes, which demonstrated an astronaut’s ability to perform necessary tasks while in space. On August 21, 1965, the Gemini 5 launched on an eight-day mission, the longest lasting at the time.  This mission was vital because it proved that both humans and spacecraft were able to endure spaceflight for the amount of time required for a Moon landing and up to a maximum of two weeks in space. Then, on December 15, 1965, the Gemini 6 performed a rendezvous with the Gemini 7.  In March 1966, the Gemini 8, commanded by Neil Armstrong, docked with an Agena rocket, making it the first docking of two spacecraft while on orbit. On November 11, 1966, Gemini 12, piloted by Edwin â€Å"Buzz† Aldrin, became the first manned spacecraft to make a re-entry into Earth’s atmosphere that was automatically controlled. The Gemini program was a success and moved the United States ahead of the Soviet Union in Space Race. Apollo Moon Landing Program The Apollo program resulted in 11 space flights and 12 astronauts walking on the moon.  The astronauts studied the lunar surface and collected moon rocks that could be scientifically studied on Earth.  The first four Apollo Program flights tested the equipment that would be used to successfully land on the moon. Surveyor 1 made the first U.S. soft landing on the Moon on June 2, 1966.  It was an unmanned lunar landing craft that took pictures and gathered data about the moon in order to help prepare NASA for the manned lunar landing. The Soviet Union had actually beat the Americans with this by landing their own unmanned craft on the moon, Luna 9, four months earlier. Tragedy struck on January 27, 1967, when the entire crew of three astronauts, Gus Grissom, Edward H. White, and Roger B. Chaffee, for the Apollo 1 mission suffocated to death from smoke inhalation during a cabin fire while in a launch pad test.  A review board report released on April 5, 1967, identified a number of problems with the Apollo spacecraft, including the use of flammable material and the need for the door latch to be easier to open from the inside. It took until October 9, 1968 to complete the necessary modifications. Two days later, Apollo 7 became the first manned Apollo mission as well as the first time that astronauts were telecast live from space during an 11-day orbit around the Earth.   In December 1968, the Apollo 8 became the first manned spacecraft to orbit the Moon.  Frank Borman and James Lovell (both veterans of the Gemini Project), along with rookie astronaut William Anders, made 10 lunar orbits in a 20-hour time period. On Christmas Eve, they transmitted televised images of the Moon’s lunar surface. In March 1969, the Apollo 9 tested the lunar module and rendezvous and docking while orbiting the Earth. In addition, they tested the full lunar spacewalk suit with its Portable Life Support System outside the Lunar Module. On May 22, 1969, Apollo 10’s Lunar Module, named Snoopy, flew within 8.6 miles of the surface of the Moon.   History was made on July 20, 1969, when the Apollo 11 landed on the moon. Astronauts Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins and Buzz Aldrin landed at the â€Å"Sea of Tranquility†. As Armstrong became the first human to step foot on the Moon, he proclaimed Thats one small step for a man. One giant leap for mankind. Apollo 11 spent a total of 21 hours, 36 minutes on the lunar surface, with 2 hours, 31 minutes spent outside the spacecraft. Astronauts walked on the lunar surface, took photographs, and collected samples from the surface.  The entire time Apollo 11 was on the Moon, there was a continuous feed of black-and-white television back to Earth. On July 24, 1969, President Kennedy’s goal of landing a man on the moon and a safe return to Earth before the end of the decade was realized, but unfortunately, Kennedy was unable to see his dream fulfilled, as he had been assassinated nearly six years earlier.   The crew of the Apollo 11 landed in the Central Pacific Ocean aboard command module Columbia, landing a mere 15 miles from the recovery ship. When the astronauts arrived on the USS Hornet, President Richard M. Nixon was waiting to greet them on their successful return. Manned space missions did not end once this mission was fulfilled. Memorably, the command module of Apollo 13 was ruptured by an explosion on April 13, 1970. The astronauts climbed into the lunar module and saved their lives by doing a slingshot around the Moon in order to speed up their return to Earth. Apollo 15 launched on July 26, 1971, carrying a Lunar Roving Vehicle and enhanced life support to enable the astronauts to better explore the Moon. On December 19, 1972, Apollo 17 returned to Earth after the United States last mission to the Moon. On January 5, 1972, President Richard Nixon announced the birth of the Space Shuttle program â€Å"designed to help transform the space frontier of the 1970s into familiar territory, easily accessible for human endeavor in the 1980s and 90s. This would lead to a new era that would include 135 Space Shuttle missions, ending with the last flight of the Space Shuttle Atlantis on July 21, 2011.

The Negative Prefix il-

The Negative Prefix il- The Negative Prefix il- The Negative Prefix il- By Maeve Maddox From a reader commenting on the illegal alien post: I used to hear from my history teacher in high school that the word illegal isnt actually a word. I never followed up on that notion, but I suppose from popular usage, illegal has become legitimized. Do you have any etymological info on that? The word illegal with the sense of â€Å"not legal or lawful† has been in English since 1626. Similar words existed in Middle English and French as early as the fourteenth century. The expression illegal immigrant dates from 1939 during the British mandate in Palestine. The term was applied to Jews who entered Palestine without authorization. The word illegal derives ultimately from Latin: legalis â€Å"legal† with the negative prefix in-. The n of the prefix assimilates to l in words that begin with l: illegal: not legal or lawful illegible: not legible; incapable of being read illegitimate: not recognized by law as lawful offspring; not rightly deduced; departing from the expected illiberal: not liberal; not generous; not broad-minded illicit: not permitted; not allowed illimitable: not capable of being limited or bounded illiterate: unable to read or write illogical: not logical; contrary to logic Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Handy Expressions About Hands30 Baseball IdiomsKn- Words in English